This is the limiting factor of a capacitor due to dielectric breakdown voltages that the manufacturer chose. Non electrolytic capacitors are not polarized.

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Start capacitors ratings of 70 microfared or higher have three voltage classifications.

Capacitor higher mfd. Mica capacitors are usually expressed in terms of mmfd micromicrofarads picofarads. You can safely substitute a higher voltage rating capacitor in place of a lower one but never put a lower voltage capacitor if the original was a higher voltage these capacitors are used on many. Always use a replacement capacitor that has at least the voltage rating of your old capacitor but if size is not a limiting factor it does not hurt to use a new capacitor with a voltage rating higher than the old capacitor.
A motor that requires a 75 mfd capacitor will not work with a 40 mfd capacitor. For example its ok to replace a 75 mfd with a 10 mfd capacitor. The capacitance mfd for motor capacitors are notoriously widely variable so going from a nominal 3 mfd to a nominal 5 mfd is ok.
The voltage is the maximum voltage the capacitor can tolerate. If the property of capacitance is used for power supply filtering then it is generally fine to increase the value. Much the same way a motor will not run properly with a weak capacitor.
A mmfd is one millionth of a mf. These capacitors usually range in value from 15 to 50 mfd or uf. The voltage of the capacitor does not matter as long as it is higher than the original.
2 starting capacitors are housed in a black plastic case and have a mfd range as opposed to a specific mfd rating on run capacitors. Short forms for micromicrofarads include mmfd mmfd pf mmf uuf and pf. They have smaller capacitance values than electrolytics anywhere from 0001 mfd to 5 mfd.
When making replacements its acceptable practice to use capacitors with higher voltage ratings than the original unit. Neither end is positive or negative. This capacitor contains a higher capacitance than a run capacitor.
Goober 9 years ago. Varying capacitance gets a little trickier. Examples would be a 35 mfd at 370v run capacitor and an 88 108 mfd at 250v start capacitor.
This is not to imply bigger is better because a capacitor that is too large can cause energy consumption to rise. These capacitors have a voltage rating of usually 330 volts or 440 volts. Mfd mfd uf mf and uf.
Common values are 01 mfd 02 mfd and 05 mfd. 125v 250v and 330v. You can almost always replace a capacitor with one of a higher voltage.
It also is generally acceptable to use a replacement capacitor that is one standard rating size higher than the original as a temporary solution in the field. Below are the common types of non electrolytic capacitors.

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